Semiconductor materials are categorized as insulators if their band gaps are bigger than 3 and 5 eV.
An electron can easily move from the valence band to the conduction band in the presence of external thermal energy because semiconductor materials have low but finite band gap energies. The usual band gap energy range of semiconductor materials is 0.5eV–3eV.
Contrary to ordinary semiconductors like silicon, which have bandgaps in the range of 0.6 to 1.5 eV, wide-bandgap materials have bandgaps above 2 eV. In a p-type semiconductor, the majority of the carriers are holes, while the minority are electrons.
The advancement of communications, computing, healthcare, military systems, transportation, clean energy, and numerous more uses is made possible by semiconductors, which are a crucial part of electronic equipment.
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