Answer :
When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the bilayer middle. The best explanation for this is that when membrane surfaces are frozen, hydrophilic connections between them might be lost.
Phosphate and lipid molecules are arranged in a two-layered arrangement that makes up the phospholipid bilayer. The hydrophobic lipid ends of this cell membrane point inward, whereas the hydrophilic phosphate ends point outward. Since the hydrophobic interactions are weakest in the middle, they will break here at freezing temperatures. A membrane's bilayer splits in half between its two phospholipid layers when it is freeze-fractured.
Integral proteins are the bumps seen on the membrane's cracked surface in an electron micrograph of a membrane that has been frozen. The phospholipid bilayer is broken in half using the freeze-fracture technique.
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