Answer :
The increasing effective nuclear charge is what causes the tendency towards smaller atomic radii as one advances to the right in a period.
Effective nuclear charge: What is it?
Effective nuclear charge is the term for the positive charge that nuclear protons exhibit when they interact with valence electrons.. The effective nuclear charge is always less than the total number of protons in a nucleus because of the shielding effect.
What factors affect effective nuclear charge?
The kind of electron determines the effective nuclear charge. Even electrons in 4s and 5s s orbitals spend some time near the nucleus, where they experience the full nuclear charge. As a result, on average, s electrons experience a nuclear charge that is closer to the true nuclear charge.
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