In the Hardy-Weinberg equations, the frequencies of two alleles in a population can be designated as p and q.
Hardy-Weinberg equation is the mathematical equation that was derived to calculate the genetic variation of any population at equilibrium. The allelic frequencies can be calculated by using the formula p + q = 1, where p and q are the two individual alleles.
Similarly genotypic frequencies can be calculated using the formula p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where p² and q² are homozygous genotypes whereas 2pq represent the heterozygous genotype. This is an extension of the allele frequency formula by squaring it. (p + q)² = p² + 2pq + q².
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