In an ideal scenario, a launch from the surface of the planet would only need to have around 7.5 km/s delta-v to reach low earth orbit.
The orbital velocity is calculated as 7.8 km/s when the item is thought to be rotating around the earth. When the earth is near the centre of the orbit, the minimum orbital velocity is around 7.8 km/s.
The units of any variable used to calculate a change, or a delta, will always be the same as the variable itself. Since delta v, or change in velocity, is measured in SI units of m/s, so is velocity.
The point is a minimum velocity if the acceleration is negative to the left and positive to the right.
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