D n a replication overall has very high accuracy, but it is not perfect. What is the biological and evolutionary importance of this imperfection?.



Answer :

DNA replication is imperfect due to the end replication problem. Basically it's because in eukaryotes, unlike in prokaryotes because DNA strands are not circular but linear.

What is DNA replication?

Cells copy DNA from the genome through a process called DNA replication. The entire genome of a cell must be copied (or replicated) before it may divide, ensuring that each daughter cell has a complete genome.

When DNA is being duplicated, the enzyme primase will put an RNA primer on the lagging strand first. DNA polymerase will then follow the 3′ end of the primer to replicate till the next primer downstream, resulting in the formation of an Okazaki fragment. The primer will then be removed and replaced with the appropriate DNA by DNA polymerase I.

Finally, DNA ligase will combine every Okazaki fragment into a single, full strand. However, because there isn't a 3′ end to offer a spot for DNA polymerase to bind to, the primer is not replaced with DNA at the lagging strand's 5′ end. As a result, the length of the DNA copied will shorten somewhat with each round of replication, which results in replication errors.

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