Rate or ratio.
А) A cake recipe needs 3 cups of flour and 2 cups of sugar.
In this case, it is debatable. It can be said that the units are different: a cup of flour is not the same thing as a cup of sugar. But, in the other hand, both are referring to the same unit of volume (a cup).
We can express it as a rate: 1.5 cups of flour per cup of sugar.
B) There are 25 girls and 24 boys in the eighth grade.
This can be written as a ratio, but not a rate.
C) Out of 25 dogs, 4 are Great Danes.
In this case, the units are "dogs" for both, so it is a ratio and not a rate.
D) 25 gallons of gas cost 50 dollars.
This can be written as a rate: 2 dollars per gallon or 0.5 gallons per dollar.
Answer:
A) Rate
B) Ratio
C) Ratio
D) Rate