Given that
heat capacity of water = 4200
heat capacity of aluminium = 897
heat capacity of oil = 1900
heat capacity of gold = 129
Heat capacity is the amount of heat a material absorbs to increase its temperature by 1 degree Celsius.
So, larger the heat capacity of a material lower will be the temperature change.
If equal amount of energy is applied to the materials, then gold will have the greatest temperature change as its heat capacity is lowest than other materials.