Answer :
Answer:
The process and procedures to prepare the solution can be described as it follows:
1) Determine the salt that will be used and calculate the mass of salt necessary to prepare 1 L of a 2 M perchlorate solution;
2) Using a precision balance, weight the calculated amount of salt required (in this case, 244.8g, as calculated below);
3) Dissolve the mass of salt in a determined volume of water, less than the total volume of solution, using agitation (with help of a glass stick or magnetic agitation) to completely dissolve the salt;
4) Completely transfer the mixture salt + water to a 1 L volumetric flask, washing the vessel where the mixture was made with water to make sure it was completely transferred;
5) Complete the volume of the volumetric flask to 1 L and homogenize the solution.
Explanation:
The question requires us to provide the steps to prepare a 2M solution of perchlorate ((ClO4)-).
To prepare a perchlorate solution, we'll need to choose a salt that contains this ion. We can prepare a perchlorate solution from sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), which dissociates to produce 1 mol of (ClO4)- per mol of salt:
[tex]NaClO_{4(aq)}\rightarrow Na_{(aq)}^++ClO_{4(aq)}^-[/tex]Assuming that we need to prepare 1 L of 2 mol/L perchlorate solution, we need to calculate the mass of salt (NaClO4) necessary to provide 2 moles of perchlorate ion.
The molar mass of NaClO4 can be calculated from the atomic masses: Na = 22.99 amu, Cl = 35.45 amu and O = 15.99 amu:
[tex]molar\text{ mass NaClO}_4=1\times22.99+1\times35.45+4\times15.99=122.4g/mol[/tex]From the calculated molar mass of NaClO4, we know that there are 122.4g of salt in 1 mol of it. Thus, we can calculate the mass necessary for 2 moles of salt:
1 mol NaClO4 ----------------------- 122.4g NaClO4
2 mol NaClO4 ---------------------- x
Solving for x, we have that 244.8 g of NaClO4 are required for 2 moles of this salt.
Therefore, we can prepare 1 L of a 2 M perchlorate solution using 244.8 g of NaClO4, which corresponds to 2 moles of this salt. We'll need to use this amount of salt because 2 moles of NaClO4 will dissociate when in aqueous medium to form 2 moles of perchlorate ion.
The process and procedures to prepare the solution can be described as it follows:
1) Determine the salt that will be used and calculate the mass of salt necessary to prepare 1 L of a 2 M perchlorate solution;
2) Using a precision balance, weight the calculated amount of salt required (in this case, 244.8g, as calculated above);
3) Dissolve the mass of salt in a determined volume of water, less than the total volume of solution, using agitation (with a glass stick or magnetic agitation) to completely dissolve the salt;
4) Completely transfer the mixture salt + water to a 1 L volumetric flask, washing the vessel where the mixture was made with water to make sure it was completely transferred;
5) Complete the volume of the volumetric flask to 1 L and homogenize the solution.
