Answer :
One of the most effective groups of cancer chemotherapeutic medications currently used in clinics targets microtubules and interferes with the mitotic spindle's normal activity.
There is growing evidence that even small changes in microtubule dynamics can activate the spindle checkpoint, halting the cell cycle at mitosis and ultimately causing cell death. A new era in cancer treatment has been made possible by our growing understanding of tumor biology and our continuous respect for the capabilities of microtubule target agents (MTAs). However, a number of side effects and drug resistance have reduced the usefulness of these drugs for the treatment of cancer. In addition to resistance to the known MTAs, a number of novel MTAs have demonstrated significant activity against the proliferation of various cancer cells.
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Cancer cells lack the normal controls and mechanisms that regulate and restrict cell division. The cell cycle is the mechanism through which all cells, including healthy and malignant ones, divide.
The ability of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells depends on its ability to halt cell division. Usually, cancer drugs work by damaging the RNA or DNA that tells the cell how to copy itself in division. If the cancer cells are unable to divide, they die. Chemotherapy drugs that kill cancer cells only when they are dividing are called cell-cycle specific. Chemotherapy drugs that kill cancer cells when they are at rest are called cell-cycle non-specific. The scheduling of chemotherapy is set based on the type of cells, rate at which they divide, and the time at which a given drug is likely to be effective. This is why chemotherapy is typically given in cycles.
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