For a lower tail test, the p-value is the probability of obtaining a value for the test statistic is at least as small as that provided by the sample.
Probability is the probability that something will happen. Whenever the outcome of an event is uncertain, we can speak of the probability, or likelihood, of a particular outcome. Probabilistic analysis of events is called statistics.
The lower-tailed test is a one-tailed test in which the critical region of the distribution is one-sided (leftmost) and tests whether a sample is less than a specified value.
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