A letter like "A" has a decimal value of 65, whereas "a" has a decimal value of 97. The upper and lower case of any "regular" letter are equal to one another.The difference is 32. Specifically, a power of 2, 2⁵.
Since all computers store data as on-and-off signals, binary (base 2) rather than decimals would be the closest numerical equivalent (base ten). Otherwise, we would require ten levels of "on/off," which is not only unnecessary but also incredibly complex, expensive, difficult, slow, and error-prone.
However, utilizing binary is actually more easier than using decimals. especially if you go about it "wise." Furthermore, ASCII was created with at least some intelligence. First, there are always 8 bits (8 on/off signals in a row). We usually refer to the on as a 1 and the off as a 0, but the computer doesn't care because it just cares about the signals being on or off.
Therefore, the binary value of that letter "A" is 01000001. A's number is 01100001. Observing how both numbers are identical save for a single digit. This applies to every letter in the alphabet, from A to Z.
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