Four thousand miles apart, experiments on both Viking landers produced consistent, dependable favorable results. While the authors did finally come to the conclusion that the experiment had discovered life on Mars, this was and is still a very contentious conclusion.
For the following few decades, our perception of Mars would be shaped by their photos and data about the planet. The Vikings opened an insight into Mars' turbulent past from orbit. They photographed old passages where floods may have raged in the past, in addition to volcanoes.
The Viking 1 lander landed in the Chryse Planitia region of Mars on July 20, 1976, and after separating from the orbiter, it sent back the first up-close images of the rust-colored Martian surface.
Experiments were then conducted to hunt for biosignatures of microbial life on Mars by the first two successful Mars landers, Viking 1 and Viking 2.
Viking 1 helped define Mars as a frigid planet with volcanic soil, a thin, dry carbon dioxide atmosphere, and strong evidence for ancient river beds and extensive flooding, even if it found no signs of life.
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