phase variation is a phenomenon used by some bacteria (such as e. coli) to evade host immune mechanisms. in this process, the cells

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26-10-2022
Biology

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phase variation is a phenomenon used by some bacteria (such as e. coli) to evade host immune mechanisms. in this process, the cells

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kjuli1766 kjuli1766 · Answer 1 · 2022-10-28T14:53:29-04:00

In this process, the cells alternately turn genes on/off to adjust bacterial behavior.

Phase variation generally refers to the reversible alternation between all-or-nothing on/off expression stages that results in variation in the expression level of one or more proteins between individual cells of a clonal population. Topological and antigenic variation occurs when a single expression unit containing sequences encodes the conserved N-terminal region of VSA, in addition to the promoter region.

Phase change or phenotypic switch allows the expression of specific phenotypes to be turned on or off. Antigenic variation refers to the expression of multiple alternative forms of an antigen on the cell surface and shares features with phase change mechanisms at the molecular level. Alternating expression of Salmonella genes H1 and H2 which specify different flagellar antigens results in phenotypic oscillations known as phase changes.

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