Explain or interpret the following: a. Globally averaged surface pressure is 28 hPa lower than globally averaged sea-level pressure (1013 hPa). b. Density decreases exponentially with height in the atmosphere, whereas it is nearly uniform in the oceans. c. Pressure in the atmosphere and ocean decreases monotonically with height. The height dependence is almost exponential in the atmosphere and linear in the ocean. d. Concentrations of some atmospheric gases, such as N2, Oz, and CO2, are nearly uniform below the turbopause, whereas concentrations of other gases such as water vapor and ozone vary by orders of magnitude.

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26-10-2022
Physics

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Explain or interpret the following: a. Globally averaged surface pressure is 28 hPa lower than globally averaged sea-level pressure (1013 hPa). b. Density decreases exponentially with height in the atmosphere, whereas it is nearly uniform in the oceans. c. Pressure in the atmosphere and ocean decreases monotonically with height. The height dependence is almost exponential in the atmosphere and linear in the ocean. d. Concentrations of some atmospheric gases, such as N2, Oz, and CO2, are nearly uniform below the turbopause, whereas concentrations of other gases such as water vapor and ozone vary by orders of magnitude.

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QWpurple QWpurple · Answer 1 · 2022-10-28T10:31:07-04:00

a) Global averaged surface pressure is generally lower than globally averaged sea level pressure because of the elevation of lands.

b) Density decrease exponentially as we move up the altitude because of mainly two reason one thining of the atmosphere due to which net mass decreases

c) We all know that as we move up in altitude pressure decrease exponentially due to thinning of the atmosphere

d) water vapor in the atmosphere depends upon the temperature of the air holding it so as we move up the atmosphere temperature keeps on decreasing

a) Due to land elevation, the global average surface pressure is typically lower than the global average sea level pressure. Allow me to explain. We are well aware that the atmosphere becomes thinner as we ascend in height, which causes pressure to fall rapidly. Therefore, there is a lot of high relief on land, such as mountain plateaus and other high-altitude features, which results in relatively little surface pressure and, on average, a pressure that is lower than that at sea level.

b) As we ascend in altitude, density falls off exponentially for two main reasons: first, the atmosphere thins, which causes the net mass to fall and push downward, reducing density; second, gravity likewise falls off as we ascend. In water, this is not a problem because the density of the water is often constant with depth.

c) We all know that the atmosphere thins as we ascend in height, causing pressure to fall rapidly. Why does it suddenly diminish exponentially? The sole reason is that even at low altitudes, the amount of gas in the atmosphere reduces quite quickly. As we increase altitude, density falls off exponentially. Pressure is 0.01 hPa at 80 km. With height, gravity also decreases, which contributes to the problem. Now that the ocean's water density is approximately constant, we know that P = density x gravity x height because the density is constant and declines linearly with height.

d) As we ascend, the temperature of the atmosphere continues to drop, which causes the concentration of water vapor to change because it is heavier near the turbopause and does not mix properly. The same is true for ozone gas, whereas oxygen and carbon dioxide, which are light gases, diffuse properly near the turbopause.

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