Regulatory proteins that serve to prevent a cell from entering the S phase under conditions of DNA damage are also known as tumor suppressors.
Cellular oncogene activation is just one of two different kinds of genetic changes that contribute to tumor formation; the other is the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Genetic changes that either boost gene expression or cause uncontrolled activation of the oncogene-encoded proteins cause oncogenes to induce aberrant cell proliferation. The opposing side of cell growth control is represented by tumor suppressor genes, which typically operate to prevent tumor formation and cell proliferation. These genes are frequently lost or inactivated in tumors, eliminating any inhibitors of cell growth and promoting the uncontrolled growth of tumor cells.
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