Answer :
Three major civilizations—the Byzantine, the Islamic, and the Empire of Charlemagne—dominated Western civilization toward the conclusion of the Period, in the seventh century. Through the 11th century, these three civilisations engaged in rivalries and exchanges with one another, each of which helped to preserve a distinct aspect of the legacy they had been given to Rome.
The Byzantines, who spoke Greek, united fervent Christianity with the imperial tradition of the Roman world. For the sheer reason that the emperor stood for the ultimate authority of both church and state, religious disputes occasionally spilled over into politics.
Because it spoke Arabic and was the most cosmopolitan of the three civilisations, the Islamic world was unique. Islam contributed to the preservation and dissemination of the classical heritage of learning, just like the Byzantine Empire did. Islamic academics not only maintained our knowledge of Plato, Aristotle, and other thinkers, but they also added to it.
In the Empire of Charlemagne, things are very different. Charlemagne was rebuilding following the fall of Rome while Byzantine and Islam were developing highly materialistic and dynamic civilizations.
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