Answer :
Mutations can be categorized into three main groups based on how they affect fitness: the "good" or advantageous mutations that improve fitness, the "bad" or deleterious mutations that reduce fitness, and the "indifferent" or the neutral mutations are usually remain unaffected by selection because their effects are very small
One of the primary mechanisms driving the evolution is mutation, it increases population variability and promotes the evolutionary changes . For instance,
- the consequences of mutations frequently depend on other mutations present or absent
- their effects can also depend on the environment
- the fate of mutations may depend on size and structure of population, which can severely limit the ability of selection to discriminate among the three types (making all seem nearly ‘indifferent’)
- mutations' fate can also be depend on fate of others that have more pronounced effects and are in close proximity on the same chromosome.
To this purpose, we should take into account a variety of molecular and phenotypic characteristics of evolution and the extant populations, and ask how these characteristics may get described in terms of mutational rates and types, as well as how they are impacted by factors that are going to determine their futures.
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