Both gravitational potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE) are present on a swinging pendulum bob. The KE is at its highest and the PE is zero when the bob is in its lowest position. The KE is zero and the PE is at its highest value when the bob is in its highest position on both sides.
The pendulum moves at its fastest while it is passing through the middle position. We could interpret this in terms of energy conservation. Bob is at his shortest height when he is in the average position. When Bob is positioned at an extreme, such as the right, it is slightly higher than when it is in the middle.
The bob's center of mass serves as the standard for determining the pendulum's "length." The center of gravity of the bob would fluctuate in a convoluted manner as the mercury drained out of a simple spherical bob with a small hole in the bottom. The center of gravity would be in the middle of the bob when it is totally full.
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