Answer :
At the end of the Period in the 7th century, Western civilisation centred around three great civilisations: the Byzantine, the Islamic, and Charlemagne's Empire. The history of these three civilisations through the 11th century is characterized by rivalries and interactions between them, each of which preserved different aspects of the legacy they inherited.
The Byzantines spoke Greek and combined the imperial tradition of the Roman world with intense Christianity. Religious controversies sometimes spilt over into politics for the simple reason that the emperor represented the highest power of church and state.
The Islamic world was different as it was Arabic speaking and the most cosmopolitan of the three civilisations. Also, like the Byzantine Empire, Islam helped to preserve and transmit the classical heritage of learning. Our knowledge of Plato, Aristotle and others was not only preserved by Islamic scholars but was also enriched at the same time.
In Charlemagne's Empire, the situation is quite different. While Byzantine and Islam were building civilisations of great material wealth and internal dynamism, Charlemagne was rebuilding after the fall of Rome.
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