Answer :
The 23 pairs of chromosomes in cell nuclei plus a tiny DNA molecule present in each mitochondria make up the human genome, which is a full set of nucleic acid sequences for humans.The nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome are often treated separately.
Why is the human genome important? What is it?
- The 20,000–25,000 genes that make up the human body are all encoded in the coding portions of DNA, which also make up the noncoding regions of DNA. Together, these two types of DNA make up the human genome.
- The whole human genome's DNA sequence was known by 2003. A few viruses have RNA (ribonucleic acid) genomes, but the majority of genomes, including those of humans and all other cellular life forms, are formed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
- The chains of monomeric subunits known as nucleotides make up the polymeric molecules known as DNA and RNA. the CDC's list of the top causes of death).The genetic makeup of every human being is 99.9% same.
- Differences in the 0.1 percent that is left can reveal crucial information about the origins of diseases. Nearly every one of the trillions of cells that make up our body, including immune cells that help protect us from constant external attack and neurons that carry impulses throughout the brain, have the same 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up the human genome, which is our whole genetic code.
- As we discovered in the above example, there are three genome types that exist since the mutation is A–G: AA, AG, and GG.The GG type of these three genome types has the most anti-alcohol activity, whereas the AA type has the least activity and can barely digest alcohol.
- The genome is divided into 23 pairs of sex chromosomes (XX in the female and (XY) in the male), as well as 22 paired chromosomes, known as autosomes.
- When the X chromosome is included, the haploid genome is 3 054 815 472 base pairs; when the Y chromosome is used in its place, it is 2 963 015 935 base pairs Repeats, DNA repeats, and repetitive DNA are all terms used to describe DNA fragments that are found in many copies throughout the genome.
- Due to variations in the amount of their repeat units brought on by mutations involving various mechanisms, these sequences display a high degree of polymorphism (Tautz, 1989).
- influenzae adhesin genes hmw1 and hmw2, in addition to 14 clones having genetic material that has similarities with 13 other bacteria' genes.
- The frequency of these tester-specific genetic areas among H. pylori was determined in order to evaluate the potential relevance of these genes to the pathogenesis of acute otitis media.
- These 21,000 genes create various proteins at various periods to create the many diverse cell types (such as muscle cells, skin cells, brain cells, etc.) that make up an individual human.
- However, only 1% of the total DNA sequence is made up by the 21,000 genes in the human genome.
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