With a slow tempo, with a descending, chromatic bass line Purcell musically depict Dido's grief. Purcell's harmony expresses grief and pain powerfully.
The descending chromatic lines in both the ground bass and the accompaniment make the ritornelle even more moving than the preceding music. Purcell's harmony expresses grief and pain powerfully, with remarkable dissonances and chromaticism overlaid on mostly simple harmony and chords. Purcell utilized major keys to convey joy and minor keys to convey sadness. Dido is unhappy and afraid of falling in love with Aeneas, so the first scene is in C minor. "Dido's Lament" occurs towards the end of a simple and sad story in Purcell's Dido and Aeneas: Aeneas, whom Dido truly love and has agreed to marry, believes he must leave her and go to Italy.
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