Answer :
a)current through a battery I=ΔVJR b) emf of the battery using is e=I(r+R).
c) emf in terms of r. R and ΔV is e=ΔV/R(R+r).
Electricity, which is the flow of electrons, or current, over a wire, creates electric and magnetic fields, which are imperceptible zones of energy (also known as radiation).
Voltage is the force used to force the electrons through the wire, much like water is pushed through a pipe, creating an electric field. The electric field gets stronger as the voltage rises. Volts per metre (V/m) is a unit of measurement for electric fields. EMF, or electromagnetic fields, are the collective term for electric and magnetic fields. Radiation from electromagnetic sources produces the electric and magnetic forces found in EMFs. EMFs can be divided into two primary groups:
X-rays and gamma rays are examples of higher-frequency EMFs. These electromagnetic fields (EMFs) fall within the category of ionising radiation.
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