case (i) : a block slides down a frictionless ramp, hits a second block on a frictionless surface, and sticks to it. case (ii) : a block sitting on a rough surface is compressed against a spring and then released. case (iii): a block is tied to a massless string and swings down from a certain height. case (iv): a cannonball is launched by a cannon on the edge of a cliff, air resistance is negligible.