Why do you think temperatures are higher at the surface than at the middle and upper portions of the troposphere?.

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16-09-2022
Geography

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Why do you think temperatures are higher at the surface than at the middle and upper portions of the troposphere?.

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qwseagreen qwseagreen · Answer 1 · 2022-09-19T13:06:44-04:00

The troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere nearest to the Earth's surface where climate appears. The warmest temperatures in the troposphere are near the surface, and the coldest temperatures are at the top of the troposphere. Although sunlight penetrates the top of the atmosphere to the bottom, the troposphere is heated primarily below. This is because the surface absorbs a wider range of solar radiation than the air. Most of the sunlight is filtered through the air and down to the surface. Certain gases, such as carbon dioxide and ozone, absorb radiation and heat the air. However, large amounts of solar radiation make it to the surface.

The surface is heated by the sun, and this energy is then distributed upward into the troposphere by mixing air. Since the Earth's surface is the primary source of heat, temperatures will be hottest at the surface and decrease away from the surface. The troposphere's average temperature profile will indicate a temperature decrease with height. This does not mean that temperature cannot increase with height under certain weather conditions as it does in the case of inversions. On a typical day, the temperature decreases with height instead of being in the inversion position; the mean profile is the decrease in temperature with height.

As temperature decreases with height in the troposphere, it may be easier for air to rise vertically because cold air is less stable than warm air. As air rises, it cools exponentially. This is another reason why the temperature is higher than the surface. For air to rise to higher altitudes, it must be cooler. Air density and pressure are highest at the surface. When air increases, it extends because the pressure is descending. The air cools by expanding. Because the Sun heats the troposphere primarily from the surface and because the air cools as it rises, the average warmest temperature in the troposphere is at Earth's surface.

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