2. Identify each of the following statements as being most similar to a hypothesis, a law, or a theory. Explain
your reasoning.
(a) Falling barometric pressure precedes the onset of bad weather.
(b) All life on earth has evolved from a common, primitive organism through the process of natural
selection.
(c) My truck’s gas mileage has dropped significantly, probably because it’s due for a tune-up.

10. How does a heterogeneous mixture differ from a homogeneous mixture? How are they similar?

12. How does an element differ from a compound? How are they similar?

16. Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture:
(a) copper
(b) water
(c) nitrogen
(d) sulfur
(e) air
(f) sucrose
(g) a substance composed of molecules each of which contains two iodine atoms
(h) gasoline

28. Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical:
(a) coal burning
(b) ice melting
(c) mixing chocolate syrup with milk
(d) explosion of a firecracker
(e) magnetizing of a screwdriver

32. Identify the following properties as either extensive or intensive.
(a) volume
(b) temperature
(c) humidity
(d) heat
(e) boiling point

40. A large piece of jewelry has a mass of 132.6 g. A graduated cylinder initially contains 48.6 mL water. When
the jewelry is submerged in the graduated cylinder, the total volume increases to 61.2 mL.
(a) Determine the density of this piece of jewelry.
(b) Assuming that the jewelry is made from only one substance, what substance is it likely to be? Explain.

All life on earth has evolved from a common, primitive organism through the process of natural selection - This is a theory because it is just an explanation of an observation without empirical proof.

My truck’s gas mileage has dropped significantly, probably because it’s due for a tune-up - This is a hypothesis because it is a mere guess.

10) A het--erogenous mixture consists of more than one phase while a hom--ogeneous consists of only one phase. Both of them contain substances that are not chemically combined together.

12) An element differs from a compound in the sense that compounds are composed of elements. Both a compound and an element are pure substances.

16)

Copper - element

Water - compound

Nitrogen - element

Sulfur - element

Air - Mixture

Sucrose - compound

A substance composed of molecules each of which contains two iodine atoms - compound

Gasoline - Mixture

28)

Coal burning - chemical change

Ice melting - physical change

Mixing chocolate syrup with milk - physical change

Explosion of a firecracker - chemical change

Magnetizing of a screwdriver - physical change

32)

Volume - extensive

Temperature - extensive

Humidity - extensive

Heat - extensive

Boiling point - Intensive

The density is obtained from;

Density = 132.6 g/61.2 mL - 48.6 mL

= 10.5 g/mL

The Jewelry is made of silver.

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