Answer :
Independent variable: Type of fertilizer. Dependent variable: Plants growth in height. Controlled variables: Water availability and solar radiation. Control experiment: negative control.
What are the independent, dependent, and controlled variables?
When conducting an experiment, we must always consider the involved variables.
- Independent variables are those modified or changed by the researcher to study how this change affects another variable and hence the results.
This variable is not affected by any other one but influences or causes a reaction in other variables.
- The dependent variable is the one influenced by the independent variable, and is affected by any change on this last one.
Its response might be either directly proportional or inversely proportional to the change in the independent variable.
- The controlled variables all the other variables that are kept constant in the control groups and the experimental groups.
Unlike the independent variable, the controlled variables do not influence the results.
These variables do not affect the response of the dependent variable.
In conclusion, the independent variable changes and influences the dependent variable, which depends on the first one. Controlled variables are all the remaining variables that are kept constant.
In the exposed example,
- Question: Which is the best fertilizer for corn?
- Experiment: Different rows of corn treated with a different type of fertilizer. Measurements of the average height for each row after 10 weeks.
Independent variable: Type of fertilizer. There are three different types of fertilizers,
- Miracle Grow,
- Scotts,
- Pennington
Dependent variable: Plants growth in height. It depends on the fertilizer used.
The fertilizer influences the plants growth. According to the type of fertilizer, the plant will express a different growth rate.
Controlled Variables: Water availability and solar radiation. These are kept constant in the experiment, so they will not have any effect on the results.
The experiment needs a negative control, since it is expected to have no effects on the results of plants growth.
You will learn more about controlled, dependent and independent variables at
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