Answer :

The change caused by genes that involve the insertion of a foreign gene into an organism to change its phenotype is called genetic transformation.

Genetic transformation is the process by which the genetic makeup of an organism is altered to change its phenotype or its characteristic trait. An organism after the transformation is referred to as a transgenic organism.

The foreign DNA penetrates the host genome by the medium of vectors. Vectors are the DNA carriers that permit the insertion of foreign DNA to pass to the host genome.

Such transformations are often performed in laboratory conditions while operating on tissue culture. It aims at improving the yield of a crop, developing a better trait, or developing a mechanism to protect the crop from pests or insects.

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