Answer :
The signaling molecule for flowering might be released earlier than usual in a long-day plant exposed to flashes of red light during the night.
Higher plants are sessile organisms that sense and respond to environmental stimuli such as light and chemical cues by changing their morphology.
The signaling pathway uses a complex network of interactions to coordinate biochemical and physiological responses such as flowering, fruit ripening, germination, photosynthetic regulation, and shoot or root development.
These signals are first recognized by receptors and transmitted through complex networks to the cell nucleus.
The signal is transduced to the nucleus by one of several systems involving GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) that change activity upon GTP binding, a protein kinase cascade that sequentially phosphorylates and activates various proteins and Membrane ion channels that alter the ionic properties of cells.
This signal is manifested in the nucleus as a change in the activity of DNA-binding proteins, transcription factors that specifically interact with and regulate the regulatory regions of genes.
Thus, detection of environmental signals is transmitted through transduction pathways, and changes in transcription factor activity can coordinate expression changes in gene portfolios to guide new developmental programs.
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