In order for an ovule (egg cell) in a flower to be fertilized and form a viable seed, pollination must occur. In this process, a sperm cell is delivered to the ovule when the pollen grain lands on the stigma and grows a tube, which enters the ovary and discharges the sperm cell to form a diploid zygote when it fuses with the egg cell. Although it only takes one pollen grain to successfully deliver sperm to the egg, numerous pollen grains are generally transferred to the stigma during insect pollination of flowering plants. Which phenotypic traits of pollen would you predict to be selected upon to promote survival and fitness within an insect-pollinated flowering plant?
A) high pollen tube growth rate and ability to detect chemicals from cells surrounding the egg
B) ability to produce the most cells during mitotic growth of the pollen tube
C) elaborate and striking UV "nectary guides" on the petals to guide an insect to the stigma
D) larger pollen in order to carry the tube that is necessary for delivery of the sperm cells

Question

23-08-2022
Biology

Answered

In order for an ovule (egg cell) in a flower to be fertilized and form a viable seed, pollination must occur. In this process, a sperm cell is delivered to the ovule when the pollen grain lands on the stigma and grows a tube, which enters the ovary and discharges the sperm cell to form a diploid zygote when it fuses with the egg cell. Although it only takes one pollen grain to successfully deliver sperm to the egg, numerous pollen grains are generally transferred to the stigma during insect pollination of flowering plants. Which phenotypic traits of pollen would you predict to be selected upon to promote survival and fitness within an insect-pollinated flowering plant?
A) high pollen tube growth rate and ability to detect chemicals from cells surrounding the egg
B) ability to produce the most cells during mitotic growth of the pollen tube
C) elaborate and striking UV "nectary guides" on the petals to guide an insect to the stigma
D) larger pollen in order to carry the tube that is necessary for delivery of the sperm cells

Answer :

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The answer is (B) ability to produce the most cells during mitotic growth of the pollen tube.

In seed plants, the female reproductive organ includes the ovule. It is where female reproductive cells are produced and housed. After fertilization, these cells eventually develop into a seed, which then ripens to form a full-grown adult plant. Ovules are housed in ovaries at the base of a vase-like structure called a carpel, which has an opening at the top referred to as a stigma and a neck called a style. Following fertilization, the ovule begins to swell and its wall begins to thicken in order to transform into a seed, while the ovary begins to expand around it and develop into the fruit. Remember that while some plants, like the kiwifruit, have many ovules that develop into numerous seeds in the fruit, other plants, like the avocado, only have one ovule in their ovary. The location of the ovules is another way that plants differ from one another in regard to them. Ovules are specifically found on the scales of female cones in gymnosperms, such as conifers, whereas they are found inside the ovary within the carpel in angiosperms, or flowering plants.

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