A cosmetic company wants to test a new bronzer to determine how effective it is for dry skin. In the recent development of the new product, half of the participants were given a placebo, or fake replica of the product, and the other half received the true product. Symptoms were measured days after the bronzer was given. The data collected shows evidence of an association between the bronzer and reduction in dry skin. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Causation cannot be concluded in the context because there is no clear relationship between the two variables studied.


b. Causation cannot be concluded in this context because there is no way of knowing if the experiment was controlled.


c. Causation can be concluded in the experiment because the experiment is not controlled.


d. Causation can be concluded in this experiment because the control in this experiment is the group of people who were given a placebo skincare product.