1. Outline the following passage. Almost every village, town or community in Ghana has one festival or another which they celebrate at least once a year. Festivals provide a lavish and organized display of objects, dances, costumes, music and drama. They have their religious and spiritual aspects too. Acareful study of the festivals reveals some common features and beliefs. There is, first and foremost, the belief in life after death and in the nearness of death of dead ancestors to the living descendants. Secondly, through these festivals, the people remember their past leaders and ask for their help and protection. Thirdly, the festivals are used to purify the whole state so that the people can enter the new year with confidence and hope. Although, these beliefs and ideas form the seed kernels of the various observances, people now tend to lay more emphasis on the purely social aspect of the festivals; in fact, to the casual observer or even to those members of the community who are not privilege to take part in, or witness the religious observances and rituals connected with the festivals, al that remains is the song and dance and the pageantry and feasting. * Basically, there are two types of annual festivals in Ghana. There are the harvest festivals like the Yam festival of the Ewe, the Homowo of the Ga and the Bakatue of the Edina, to mention a few. Then there are the ones which mark the period of remembering the dead. Typical among these is the Adae of the Akan (Twi). One of the best examples of this can be seen ni the Akwambo festival. Akwambo means pathclearing and during the festival al the main paths of a village were cleared. Most of these have now been replaced by a motor road and so, ni some areas, there is no path-clearing during the festival, even though it is still called 'Akwambo'. In some festivals, hte priests play the most significant role. This is usually true of the harvest festival ni which hte emphasis is on the sky god, giver of rain and sunshine, and on hte lesser gods, who are his servants here below. A typical example of this would be found in the yam festivals. On the other hand, in the festivals connected with the ancestors, such as Odwira, the chief, who si the living representative of the ancestral leaders of the people, plays the central role. 2 Procrastination si a tendency or behavioural trait shown ni an indecisive state or lack in will power to work. Because the delay is irrational, people end up voluntarily choosing a course of action that they know wil not maximize their physical, psychological, and material wellbeing. The definition of procrastination holds a decidedly negative denotation and connotation. There are six different styles of procrastination: perfectionist, dreamer, worrier, crisis-maker, defier, and overdoer. First, the perfectionist pays too much attention ot details that they often cannot finish a project. The dreamer, ni contrast, does not pay enough attention to details. They have wonderful thoughts, but, somehow, someone else should just get the detailsdone, so their thinking style is fuzzy. The worriers have an excessive need for security, causing them to fear risk and avoiding finishing projects, so they remain ni their "known comfort zones". The crisis-maker, on the other end of the worrier, tels themselves they work best under pressure; thus, waits until the last minute, and often they pull it off, but - with a whole lot of anguish and generally not as good as expected. The defier si a rebel seeking to buck the rules. By procrastinating, they are setting their own schedule, one that nobody else can predict or control. The overdoer says "Yes' to too much because they are unable or unwilling to make choices and establish priorities. They end up actually doing a lot for other people, but often procrastinating what they need ot do for themselves. However, it si likely that an individual can adopt multiple styles of procrastination. The goal is to balance each of these areas. Different factors appear to contribute towards procrastination, particularly, lack of commitment, lack of guidance and encouragement, inappropriate time management skills, emotional stress, social problems, overconfidence, and ilness. Thus, students, for example, may procrastinate when they are unable to set a pace of their learning to meet high performance expectations. Students may delay their academic work as their routine and, later on, it becomes their habit. Likewise, longer timelines of completing atask, plenty of leisure time, and co-curricular activities promote procrastination. Different physical, emotional, and mental problems appear to be associated with procrastination. First, it may create embarrassment and inferiority complex among students, leading to a negative relationship between level of ego identity and procrastination, and lessening confidence among

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emmanuelofori95394 emmanuelofori95394

26-03-2024
English

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1. Outline the following passage. Almost every village, town or community in Ghana has one festival or another which they celebrate at least once a year. Festivals provide a lavish and organized display of objects, dances, costumes, music and drama. They have their religious and spiritual aspects too. Acareful study of the festivals reveals some common features and beliefs. There is, first and foremost, the belief in life after death and in the nearness of death of dead ancestors to the living descendants. Secondly, through these festivals, the people remember their past leaders and ask for their help and protection. Thirdly, the festivals are used to purify the whole state so that the people can enter the new year with confidence and hope. Although, these beliefs and ideas form the seed kernels of the various observances, people now tend to lay more emphasis on the purely social aspect of the festivals; in fact, to the casual observer or even to those members of the community who are not privilege to take part in, or witness the religious observances and rituals connected with the festivals, al that remains is the song and dance and the pageantry and feasting. * Basically, there are two types of annual festivals in Ghana. There are the harvest festivals like the Yam festival of the Ewe, the Homowo of the Ga and the Bakatue of the Edina, to mention a few. Then there are the ones which mark the period of remembering the dead. Typical among these is the Adae of the Akan (Twi). One of the best examples of this can be seen ni the Akwambo festival. Akwambo means pathclearing and during the festival al the main paths of a village were cleared. Most of these have now been replaced by a motor road and so, ni some areas, there is no path-clearing during the festival, even though it is still called 'Akwambo'. In some festivals, hte priests play the most significant role. This is usually true of the harvest festival ni which hte emphasis is on the sky god, giver of rain and sunshine, and on hte lesser gods, who are his servants here below. A typical example of this would be found in the yam festivals. On the other hand, in the festivals connected with the ancestors, such as Odwira, the chief, who si the living representative of the ancestral leaders of the people, plays the central role. 2 Procrastination si a tendency or behavioural trait shown ni an indecisive state or lack in will power to work. Because the delay is irrational, people end up voluntarily choosing a course of action that they know wil not maximize their physical, psychological, and material wellbeing. The definition of procrastination holds a decidedly negative denotation and connotation. There are six different styles of procrastination: perfectionist, dreamer, worrier, crisis-maker, defier, and overdoer. First, the perfectionist pays too much attention ot details that they often cannot finish a project. The dreamer, ni contrast, does not pay enough attention to details. They have wonderful thoughts, but, somehow, someone else should just get the detailsdone, so their thinking style is fuzzy. The worriers have an excessive need for security, causing them to fear risk and avoiding finishing projects, so they remain ni their "known comfort zones". The crisis-maker, on the other end of the worrier, tels themselves they work best under pressure; thus, waits until the last minute, and often they pull it off, but - with a whole lot of anguish and generally not as good as expected. The defier si a rebel seeking to buck the rules. By procrastinating, they are setting their own schedule, one that nobody else can predict or control. The overdoer says "Yes' to too much because they are unable or unwilling to make choices and establish priorities. They end up actually doing a lot for other people, but often procrastinating what they need ot do for themselves. However, it si likely that an individual can adopt multiple styles of procrastination. The goal is to balance each of these areas. Different factors appear to contribute towards procrastination, particularly, lack of commitment, lack of guidance and encouragement, inappropriate time management skills, emotional stress, social problems, overconfidence, and ilness. Thus, students, for example, may procrastinate when they are unable to set a pace of their learning to meet high performance expectations. Students may delay their academic work as their routine and, later on, it becomes their habit. Likewise, longer timelines of completing atask, plenty of leisure time, and co-curricular activities promote procrastination. Different physical, emotional, and mental problems appear to be associated with procrastination. First, it may create embarrassment and inferiority complex among students, leading to a negative relationship between level of ego identity and procrastination, and lessening confidence among

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