Part I: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions accordingly. In many remote locations of Papua New Guinea, fresh water exists in great abundance but is not always easily accessible. Many live on hills and mountain tops and must descend periodically to fetch water. People grow weary and often dig holes or trap water in other ways which gather bacteria and other undesirable microbes that are often harmful to health. Coupled with ignorance of the basic health standards, far too many Papua New Guineans die each year from easily preventable waterborne diseases. Papua New Guinea has one of the highest rainfalls on earth. The mainland and islands are crisscrossed by rivers and fresh waterways. Yet, in a land where water is so abundant, the majority of Papua New Guineans in rural settings lack access to clean water. As a result, its youthful population is decimated by death as a result of waterborne diseases. Reliable national statistics are unavailable presently but diarrhea, typhoid, dysentery and just recently, cholera take many lives unnecessarily each year. This tragedy is preventable and it needs not take multi-million-kina interventions. Sharing knowledge and locally designed means of accessing clean water can halve the fatalities from waterborne diseases. This is the challenge facing decision makers at all levels in PNG and throughout the developing world. More than one in six people worldwide - 894 million in all - do not have access to safe fresh water. They live on less than the 20-50 litres of safe fresh water a day per person to ensure their basic needs for drinking, cooking and cleaning. Statistics from around the world suggests that diarrhea is the leading cause of illness and death and 88% of deaths by diarrhea are due to a lack of access to sanitation facilities, together with inadequate availability of water for hygiene and unsafe drinking water. Today 2.5 billion people, including almost one billion children, live without even basic sanitation. Every 20 seconds, a child dies as a result of poor sanitation. That's 1.5 million preventable deaths each year. As suggested earlier, a very simple knowledge such as washing of hands with soap can reduce the risk of diarrhea diseases by up to 47%. 1. What is the main idea in this passage? A. deaths due to poor sanitation B. lack of accessibility to water C. management of water for better health D. fatalities from water-borne diseases 2. Why do many people die from waterborne diseases? A. because of ignorance of basic health standards and accessibility to clean water B. because water does not exist in abundance and is hard to access C. because of the lack of health services and provision. D. because they share very little water resources and sanitation. 3. What does the phrase 'decimated by death' mean? A. influenced B. affected C. suppressed D. reduced 4. How can 1.5 million deaths be prevented every year? A. share knowledge and sanitation B. challenge the government and decision-makers in Papua New Guinea C. get rid of waterborne diseases. D. improve sanitation and accessibility to clean water​