You are the triage nurse in the emergency department and perform the initial intake assessment on a patient who does not speak English. Based on your understanding of linguistic competence, which action would present as a barrier to effective communication?
a. Maintaining a professional respectful demeanor
b. Allowing for additional time to complete the process
c. Providing the patient with a paper and pencil so he or she can write down the answers to the questions that you are going to ask
d. Seeing if there are any family members present who may assist with the interview process