A pendulum consists of a small object of mass M and width d attached to a string of length L. In an experiment, the pendulum is pulled back so that the string makes an angle θ with the vertical and is released from rest. The object's path is shown by the dashed arc, and its velocity is determined by measuring the time t it takes the object to pass through a photogate located at the lowest point in the path. The speed v is then calculated by dividing d by t. Given θ and L, the object's kinetic and potential energies are calculated and compared. Which of the following sources of experimental error could cause the calculated kinetic energy of the object at the bottom of the path to be larger than the calculated value for the change in gravitational potential energy of the object-Earth system as the object moves from its release point to the lowest point in its path?

A) The measurement of L is larger than the actual value.
B) The measurement of θ is larger than the actual value.
C) Air resistance is ignored.
D) The measurement of d is larger than the actual value.
E) The measurement of M is larger than the actual value.