Answer :
The best chance of establishing a cause-and-effect link is through experimental design.
A task that tries to characterize and explain the variance of information in circumstances that are hypothesized to represent the variation is known as an experiment's design of experiments (DOE, DOX, or experimental design). However, it can also refer to the design of quasi-experiments, in which natural conditions that have an impact on the variation are chosen for observation. The phrase is typically used in conjunction with experiments in which the design introduces conditions that directly affect the variation. In its most basic form, an experiment attempts to anticipate the result by altering the preconditions, which are represented by one or more independent variables, often known as "input variables" or "predictor variables," or by changing the preconditions. One or more dependent variables, also known as "output variables" or "response variables," are typically predicted to change as a result of a change in one or more independent factors. In order to avoid outside influences from influencing the results, the experimental design may additionally specify control variables that must be maintained constant. In addition to choosing appropriate independent, dependent, and control variables, experimental design also entails scheduling the experiment's execution under statistically ideal circumstances while taking into account resource limitations.
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