Answer :
The correct response is b. deterrence. liberalism and especially neoliberalism emphasize deterrence.
Neoliberalism is a word used to describe the political resurgence of 19th-century theories of free-market capitalism in the late 20th century after it had declined after World War II. It is typically associated with policies of economic liberalization, such as privatization, deregulation, globalization, free trade, monetarism, austerity, and reductions in government spending in order to increase the role of the private sector in the economy and society. It was a significant factor in the rise of conservative and libertarian organizations, political parties, and think tanks, and was primarily advocated by them. There has been extensive scholarly discussion about the characteristics of neoliberalism in both thinking and practice. Neoliberalism as an economic philosophy emerged among European liberal scholars in the 1930s as they attempted to revive and renew key ideas from classical liberalism as they observed these ideas dwindling in popularity after the Great Depression, replaced by a desire to control markets, and manifested in policies intended to counter the volatility of free markets. A desire to prevent a recurrence of the early 1930s' economic failures, which were occasionally primarily attributed to the economic policy of classical liberalism, served as one of the driving forces for the design of programs to reduce free-market volatility. Neoliberalism is a term used frequently in policymaking to describe a paradigm change that came about as a result of the Keynesian consensus in economics failing to handle the stagflation of the 1970s.
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