The pedigree of Queen Victoria of England shown below is often use is in example of sex-linked inheritance. Victoria was a carrier of hemophilia, a sex linked disorder that is controlled by a recessive allele. The blood of a person with hemophilia clots very slowly or not at all because the person does not produce one of the proteins needed for blood clotting. Victoria passed the hemophilia allele on to her son Leopold, who had the disease, and to two of her daughters, who were carriers. The allele then passed through successive generations of Victoria's family, as the pedigree below shows.
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of Victoria's children were carriers of the hemophilia allele?
2. Which of Victoria's children passed the hemophilia allele on to Empress Alexandra of Russia?
3. Which of Victoria's children passed the hemophilia allele on to Queen Victoria of Spain?
4. Assume that a direct descendant of Maria Cristina, daughter of Queen Victoria Eugenie of Spain, has just been found to have had hemophilia. How would this change Maria Cristina's status?
5. Explain why males are more likely than females to have hemophilia.