james is a baseball player who hits left handed. based on his past statistics, his strikeout rate against left-handed pitchers is 12.5%. he would like to reduce this rate, so he changes his batting stance. to test whether it works, he uses a pitching machine to simulate 200 at bats. in these, he struck out 16 times. james conducts a one-proportion hypothesis test at the 5% significance level, to test whether the true proportion of strikeouts against left-handed pitchers using james's new stance is less than 12.5%. a) H0:p=0.125; Ha:p<0.125, which is a left-tailed test.
(b) Use Excel to test whether the true proportion of strikeouts against left-handed pitchers using James's new stance is less than 12.5%. Identify the test statistic, z, and p-value from the Excel output, rounding to three decimal places.