summarize that acids are compounds that release hydrogen ions (protons) when dissolved in aqueous solution. discuss how bases are compounds that are proton acceptors. summarize the mathematical definition of ph is the negative of the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. discuss how ph is a measure of the acidity of the solution. the lower the ph, the more acidic the solution. summarize how buffers work based on the nature of weak acids and their conjugate bases that compose the buffer. summarize how buffers are not just an artificial system used in the laboratory. living systems are buffered by naturally occurring compounds.