Suppose a national health-related association wants to study the rate of learning disabilities among US urban children ages 5-11 for the year 2012. From experience, association directors believed that there is a significant difference in the average rate of disabilities among different urban areas. To test this belief, they collected random samples of children from five different cities and recorded their disabilities. In addition, the researchers realized that the type of disability might make a difference. Therefore, they decided to control for the type of disability by selecting six commonly occurring learning disabilities. They were mostly interested in differences in the average rate of disabilities between the cities. The ANOVA table is:Source of Sum of Mean F-value p-value Variation Squares SquareUrban Areas 4 0.0485 0.0121 18.94 0.000 Block 5 0.0020 0.0004 0.63 0.677 Error 20 0.0128 0.0006 Total Variation 29 0.0633 1. Which of these variables are independent (IV) and dependent variables (DV)? a. IV: Disability type DV: Rate of learning disabilities b. IV: Urban areas, type of disability being the blocking variable DV: Rate of learning disabilities c. IV: Rate of learning disabilities DV: Disability type and urban areas d. IV: Urban areas DV: Disability type and rate 2.2. What type of study design was used in this study and why? a. One-Way ANOVA because there is only one independent variableb. Two-Way ANOVA because there are two independent variables c. Blocking design that involves one main independent variable and a blocking variable d. Blocking design that involves a blocking variable with one dependent variableWhat is the blocking variable? What is the purpose of the blocking variable in this study? a. Type of disability. The purpose is to control for potential effects of an additional variable such as disability type on the outcome in order to determine the true effect of the main independent variable (urban areas) on the rate of learning disabilities, b. Urban areas is the blocking variable. The purpose of including a blocking variable such as urban areas is to control for potential confounding between the disability type and rate of learning disabilities. c. None of the above is correct.4. What can you conclude about the significance of the urban areas variable effects at a = 0.05. Draw appropriate conclusions. a. There is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis since p-value<0.01, and conclude that the average rate of learning disability significantly varies by urban area, controlling for type of disability. b. There is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. At the 0.05 significance level, (p-value = 0.067), the average rate of learning disability does not significantly vary by urban area. c. There is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. At the 0.05 significance level, (p-value = 0.01), the average rate of learning disability significantly varies by urban area.5 What assumptions are taken into consideration in testing the above hypotheses? a. Observations are from nonrandom samples and equal population variances. b. Observations are from random samples, normally distributed populations and equal population variances. c. Observations are from nonrandom samples, normally distributed populations and equal population variances. d. Observations are from random samples, and equal population variances.