Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expect the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.
An economy is in a recession if the present real GDP is lower than the output at full employment. A boom in the economy can be seen if the real GDP at the moment is higher than the output at full employment. We argue that the economy is in long-run equilibrium if present output is equivalent to full employment output.
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