In order to produce the new, 2-carbon acetyl CoA molecule, one carbon is taken out of the three-carbon pyruvate molecule produced during glycolysis.
Compounds containing three or more carbon atoms are simpler to extract electrons from and convert to CO2 than two-carbon compounds like acetyl CoA.
Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces water, ATP, NADH, and two pyruvate molecules.
The citric acid cycle is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that take place in the mitochondrial matrix and convert acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide and coenzymes to ATP chain of electron transport.
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