sickle-cell anemia is caused by a mutation that changes the second nucleotide of the codon from gag to gug. this results in a change of the amino acid from glutamic acid to valine. if the mutation affected the third nucleotide of the codon and changed gag to gau then the amino acid would change from a glutamic acid to aspartic acid. would you predict this change to have the same effect? how does this one small change cause the life-threatening disease of sickle-cell anemia?