A study tested the effects of science fiction movies on people’s belief in the supernatural. A scale was designed to measure the degree to which a person believes in the supernatural with high scores indicating high levels of belief. Seven participants completed the scale before and after watching a popular science fiction movie. Participants’ scores are listed below. Assume that the researcher had reason to expect participants to believe less in the supernatural after watching the movie. Belief-in-Supernatural Scores, Before and After Watching Science Fiction Movie. Carry out a t test for dependent means (use the .01 significance level).

Participant Before After
A 3 3
B 5 3
C 9 6
D 6 8
E 7 8
F 5 2
G 4 1

1. Restate the question as a research hypothesis and a null hypothesis about the populations. (2 points)
2. Determine the characteristics of the comparison distribution: Population mean (1 point)
The variance of the distribution of means (1 point)
The estimated standard deviation of the population of difference scores (1 point)
The SD of distribution of means (1 point) Degrees of freedom (1 point)
3. Determine the significance cutoff. Use the t table (1 point).
4. Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution (1 point).
5. Decide whether to reject the null hypothesis (2 points).