Fill in the blanks with the following terms:
universal solvent temperature cohesion adhesion
surface tension attractive force density hydrophilic
capillary action density hydrophobic
1. Water is often known as the _________________, which means that many substances dissolve in it.
2. ______________ or water molecules “sticking” to each other due to hydrogen bonding is the reason why so many water drops can stay on the surface of the penny. However, when detergent is added, the hydrogen bonds are weakened, allowing the forces of _______________ to take over.
3. Water has a high ___________________ or ___________________ between molecules at the surface of a liquid, almost giving it a “skin” that will support the weight of a paper clip or an insect.
4. ___________ is the relationship between the mass of a substance and how much space (volume) it takes up.
5. ________________ is the ability of liquid to flow into narrow spaces as a result of the forces of cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.
6. Substances that dissolve in water are either polar or charged and are said to be ____________(hydro- = water; -philic = loving). For example, salt and sugar are both polar, like water, so they dissolve very well in it.
7. Substances, like oil, that do not dissolve in water are non-polar and are said to be ________________(-phobic = fearing).
8. The lower ____________ of ice is due to the open crystalline structure that forms as water molecules slow down and spread out during freezing.
9. Water contributes to _______________ stability because it takes more energy to raise or lower the temperature of water due to the fact that energy is required to break (during evaporation) or form (during freezing) hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
