Answer :
Events such as floods, earthquakes, human habitat devastation, and drought can cause a population to drastically decline.
Bottleneck effect is when population’s size is drastically reduced due to environmental factors including starvation, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts as well as human behaviours like speculative killing, widespread violence or planned culling, and human population control. As a result, a smaller population with less genetic diversity is left to transmit genes to future generations of offspring through sexual reproduction.
Such events can reduce the variation in a population’s gene pool. Genetic diversity continues to be reduced, only gradually rising over time when random mutations take place or only when gene flow from another group happens.
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