The excerpt below is from Amin Maalouf’s The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, 1984. “What they [the Franks] learned from the Arabs was indispensable in their subsequent expansion. The heritage of Greek civilization was transmitted through Arab intermediaries. In medicine, astronomy, chemistry, geography, mathematics, and architecture, the [Franks] drew their knowledge from Arab books, which they assimilated, imitated, and then surpassed ... In the realm of industry, the Europeans first learned and then improved upon the processes used by the Arabs in papermaking, leather-working, textiles ...”

What does this excerpt illustrate about the medieval world?

a
the effects of cultural diffusion from the Arab world to Europe
b
the economic decline of the Muslim empires during the Middle Ages
c
the superiority of European technology during the Middle Age
d
the effects of religious laws handed down by Muslim empires



Answer :

This excerpt from 'Amin Maalouf’s The Crusades Through Arab Eyes' illustrates about the medieval world, the effects of cultural diffusion from the Arab world to Europe.

Trade increased as a result of the Crusades as Europeans travelled and gained more exposure to exotic items. Despite the extensive fighting that took place during the Crusades, Italian commercial centres improved their economic relations with ports around the eastern Mediterranean coast.

Trade and travel allowed people to experience new sights, sounds, tastes, and sensations. Influences in the arts and lifestyles also went with them, introducing new designs in architecture, clothes, cookery, and music—for those who could afford them.

The correct answer is option a.

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