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Philosophe
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John Locke
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Thomas Hobbes
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Newtonian World View
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Voltaire
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Toleration
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Montesquieu
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Checks and Balances
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Cesare Beccaria
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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17th and 18th century thinkers who often wrote and critiqued human nature and natural laws that forged new attitudes favorable to change
an early political philosopher from England who believed people were generally good natured and capable of governing themselves through direct democracy, established the natural rights: life, liberty, and property
an early political philosopher from England who believed people were generally selfish, mean spirited, and prone to violence – requiring that a strong absolute ruler maintain law and order as people could not maintain it on their own
a system of scientific and philosophical beliefs commonly accepted in the 1600s and 1700s, based in determinism, materialism, and reductionism – encouraged political and commercial stability particularly in England during the 18th century
The most influential French philosopher who believed in freedom of speech, religious toleration, and separation of church and state but also believed in the necessity of a strong central ruler who allowed Enlightenment ideals to flourish
the enlightenment ideal that suggests people of varying views should more or less be allowed to hold those views free from persecution – it was later criticized by Kant
a French enlightenment thinker who admired the British form of constitutional government, he suggested the best governments have provisions in place that limit the power of the king and alluded to the separation of branches, as well as checks and balances
the notion that no one person or branch in government should hold more power than the other, so provisions and powers should be put in place that keep each branch vulnerable to the authority of another
his most famous work, On Crime and Punishment, called for the abolition of capital punishment, equal punishment under the law, and the doing away with torture or cruel, unusual punishments
this Enlightenment philosophe was actually opposed to several enlightenment ideals because he suggested they corrupted mankind who was otherwise a “noble savage,” disliked materialism and the over-importance of land and wealth accumulation
this Englishwoman believed enlightenment ideals should not be confined to the male experience and encouraged women to receive a diverse and enlightened education
