Increase in blood flow to skeletal muscles:
1. Arterial blood pressure changes little during exercise. During exercise, metabolic demands on skeletal muscle increase dramatically. This causes the blood vessels that supply the muscles to dilate, increasing blood flow to the skeletal muscles.
2. The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in regulating arterial blood pressure and blood flow during exercise, and several key neural mechanisms are involved in altering sympathetic vasomotor outflow.
How does the sympathetic nervous system affect blood flow?
In blood vessels, sympathetic activation narrows arteries and arterioles (resistance vessels), increasing vascular resistance and decreasing distal blood flow. When this occurs throughout the body, vascular resistance increases and arterial pressure rises.
How does the nervous system control blood flow?
Neurological regulation of blood pressure and blood flow depends on cardiovascular centers located in the medulla oblongata. This group of neurons responds to changes in blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, carbon dioxide, and other factors such as pH.
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